Most of us have uttered, “This child has no clue where they're tongue is—so what do I do?” We use mirrors, verbal descriptions, show the child our own mouth, but even that isn’t enough. That’s where, quite literally, intra-oral therapy tools come in.
Lof and Watson wrote five specific references in their 2008 survey article (p. 393). They specifically listed THESE FIVE references as a base to their “NSOME” concerns and criticisms. So, I zeroed-in on those five documents and read them very carefully....
There's little research about the tongue’s characteristics during correct speech productions. Typically, we use descriptors such as “place, manner, and voice,” or phonological processes. While excellent at describing oral error patterns, they provide little information about desirable speech production—which is our goal!
Right up there with the term “oral motor” anything that has to do with “SENSORY” therapy” is taboo according to some. Thing is, sensation is how we humans receive information--from reading a book, to touching a warm bowl of soup and tasting its contents, to automatic self-monitoring our tongue's intra-oral activity. Sensation is critical.
Do you want to know how to lift and move for a good /s/? Here’s the answer: Contract the mid-tongue. Mid-tongue contraction (a tongue bowl) lifts the front-tongue.